Serverless

使用现有的 Fastify 应用运行无服务器应用和 REST API。你可能需要更改代码才能在你选择的无服务器平台上运行。本文档包含有关最流行的无服务器提供商以及如何使用 Fastify 的小指南。

¥Run serverless applications and REST APIs using your existing Fastify application. You may need to make code changes to work on your serverless platform of choice. This document contains a small guide for the most popular serverless providers and how to use Fastify with them.

你应该在无服务器平台中使用 Fastify 吗？

¥Should you use Fastify in a serverless platform?

那取决于你！请记住，函数即服务应该始终使用小型且专注的函数，但你也可以使用它们运行整个 Web 应用。重要的是要记住，应用越大，初始启动速度就越慢。在无服务器环境中运行 Fastify 应用的最佳方式是使用 Google Cloud Run、AWS Fargate、Azure 容器实例和 Vercel 等平台，这些平台的服务器可以同时处理多个请求并充分利用 Fastify 的功能。

¥That is up to you! Keep in mind, functions as a service should always use small and focused functions, but you can also run an entire web application with them. It is important to remember that the bigger the application the slower the initial boot will be. The best way to run Fastify applications in serverless environments is to use platforms like Google Cloud Run, AWS Fargate, Azure Container Instances, and Vercel where the server can handle multiple requests at the same time and make full use of Fastify's features.

在无服务器应用中使用 Fastify 的最佳功能之一是易于开发。在你的本地环境中，你将始终直接运行 Fastify 应用，无需任何其他工具，而相同的代码将通过额外的代码片段在你选择的无服务器平台中执行。

¥One of the best features of using Fastify in serverless applications is the ease of development. In your local environment, you will always run the Fastify application directly without the need for any additional tools, while the same code will be executed in your serverless platform of choice with an additional snippet of code.

AWS

要与 AWS 集成，你有两种库选择：

¥To integrate with AWS, you have two choices of library:

使用 @fastify/aws-lambda 仅添加 API 网关支持，但对 fastify 进行了大量优化。

¥Using @fastify/aws-lambda which only adds API Gateway support but has heavy optimizations for fastify.
使用 @h4ad/serverless-adapter 速度稍慢，因为它会为每个 AWS 事件创建 HTTP 请求，但支持更多 AWS 服务，例如：AWS SQS、AWS SNS 等。

¥Using @h4ad/serverless-adapter which is a little slower as it creates an HTTP request for each AWS event but has support for more AWS services such as: AWS SQS, AWS SNS and others.

因此，你可以决定哪个选项最适合你，但你可以测试这两个库。

¥So you can decide which option is best for you, but you can test both libraries.

使用 @fastify/aws-lambda

¥Using @fastify/aws-lambda

提供的示例允许你在 AWS Lambda 和 Amazon API Gateway 之上使用 Fastify 轻松构建无服务器 Web 应用/服务和 RESTful API。

¥The sample provided allows you to easily build serverless web applications/services and RESTful APIs using Fastify on top of AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway.

app.js

const fastify = require('fastify');

function init() {
  const app = fastify();
  app.get('/', (request, reply) => reply.send({ hello: 'world' }));
  return app;
}

if (require.main === module) {
  // called directly i.e. "node app"
  init().listen({ port: 3000 }, (err) => {
    if (err) console.error(err);
    console.log('server listening on 3000');
  });
} else {
  // required as a module => executed on aws lambda
  module.exports = init;
}

当在 lambda 函数中执行时，我们不需要监听特定端口，因此在这种情况下我们只需导出封装函数 init。lambda.js 文件将使用此导出。

¥When executed in your lambda function we do not need to listen to a specific port, so we just export the wrapper function init in this case. The lambda.js file will use this export.

当你像往常一样执行 Fastify 应用时，即 node app.js（对此的检测可能是 require.main === module），你通常可以监听你的端口，因此你仍然可以在本地运行 Fastify 函数。

¥When you execute your Fastify application like always, i.e. node app.js (the detection for this could be require.main === module), you can normally listen to your port, so you can still run your Fastify function locally.

lambda.js

const awsLambdaFastify = require('@fastify/aws-lambda')
const init = require('./app');

const proxy = awsLambdaFastify(init())
// or
// const proxy = awsLambdaFastify(init(), { binaryMimeTypes: ['application/octet-stream'] })

exports.handler = proxy;
// or
// exports.handler = (event, context, callback) => proxy(event, context, callback);
// or
// exports.handler = (event, context) => proxy(event, context);
// or
// exports.handler = async (event, context) => proxy(event, context);

我们只需要 @fastify/aws-lambda（确保你安装了依赖 npm i @fastify/aws-lambda）和我们的 app.js 文件，并以 app 作为唯一参数调用导出的 awsLambdaFastify 函数。生成的 proxy 函数具有正确的签名，可用作 lambda handler 函数。这样，所有传入事件（API 网关请求）都会传递给 @fastify/aws-lambda 的 proxy 函数。

¥We just require @fastify/aws-lambda (make sure you install the dependency npm i @fastify/aws-lambda) and our app.js file and call the exported awsLambdaFastify function with the app as the only parameter. The resulting proxy function has the correct signature to be used as a lambda handler function. This way all the incoming events (API Gateway requests) are passed to the proxy function of @fastify/aws-lambda.

示例

¥Example

可以找到一个可以使用 claudia.js 部署的示例此处。

¥An example deployable with claudia.js can be found here.

注意事项

¥Considerations

API Gateway 尚不支持流，因此你无法处理 streams。

¥API Gateway does not support streams yet, so you are not able to handle streams.
API Gateway 的超时时间为 29 秒，因此在此期间提供响应非常重要。

¥API Gateway has a timeout of 29 seconds, so it is important to provide a reply during this time.

超越 API 网关

¥Beyond API Gateway

如果你需要与更多 AWS 服务集成，请查看 Fastify 上的 @h4ad/serverless-adapter 以了解如何集成。

¥If you need to integrate with more AWS services, take a look at @h4ad/serverless-adapter on Fastify to find out how to integrate.

Genezio

Genezio 是一个旨在简化无服务器应用到云的部署的平台。

¥Genezio is a platform designed to simplify the deployment of serverless applications to the cloud.

Genezio 有一个专门的指南用于部署 Fastify 应用。

¥Genezio has a dedicated guide for deploying a Fastify application.

谷歌云函数

¥Google Cloud Functions

创建 Fastify 实例

¥Creation of Fastify instance

const fastify = require("fastify")({
  logger: true // you can also define the level passing an object configuration to logger: {level: 'debug'}
});

将自定义 `contentTypeParser` 添加到 Fastify 实例

¥Add Custom contentTypeParser to Fastify instance

如问题 #946 所述，由于 Google Cloud Functions 平台在请求到达 Fastify 实例之前会解析请求的主体，因此在使用 POST 和 PATCH 方法的情况下，主体请求会受到影响，因此你需要添加自定义 Content-Type Parser 来缓解此行为。

¥As explained in issue #946, since the Google Cloud Functions platform parses the body of the request before it arrives at the Fastify instance, troubling the body request in case of POST and PATCH methods, you need to add a custom Content-Type Parser to mitigate this behavior.

fastify.addContentTypeParser('application/json', {}, (req, body, done) => {
  done(null, body.body);
});

定义你的端点（示例）

¥Define your endpoint (examples)

一个简单的 GET 端点：

¥A simple GET endpoint:

fastify.get('/', async (request, reply) => {
  reply.send({message: 'Hello World!'})
})

或者更完整的带有架构验证的 POST 端点：

¥Or a more complete POST endpoint with schema validation:

fastify.route({
  method: 'POST',
  url: '/hello',
  schema: {
    body: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        name: { type: 'string'}
      },
      required: ['name']
    },
    response: {
      200: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          message: {type: 'string'}
        }
      }
    },
  },
  handler: async (request, reply) => {
    const { name } = request.body;
    reply.code(200).send({
      message: `Hello ${name}!`
    })
  }
})

实现并导出函数

¥Implement and export the function

最后一步，实现处理请求的函数并通过向 fastify.server 触发 request 事件将其传递给 Fastify：

¥Final step, implement the function to handle the request and pass it to Fastify by emitting request event to fastify.server:

const fastifyFunction = async (request, reply) => {
  await fastify.ready();
  fastify.server.emit('request', request, reply)
}

exports.fastifyFunction = fastifyFunction;

本地测试

¥Local test

安装 Node.js 的 Google 函数框架。

¥Install Google Functions Framework for Node.js.

你可以全局安装它：

¥You can install it globally:

npm i -g @google-cloud/functions-framework

或者作为开发库：

¥Or as a development library:

npm i -D @google-cloud/functions-framework

然后你可以使用 Functions Framework 在本地运行你的函数：

¥Then you can run your function locally with Functions Framework:

npx @google-cloud/functions-framework --target=fastifyFunction

或者将此命令添加到你的 package.json 脚本：

¥Or add this command to your package.json scripts:

"scripts": {
  ...
  "dev": "npx @google-cloud/functions-framework --target=fastifyFunction"
  ...
}

并使用 npm run dev 运行它。

¥and run it with npm run dev.

部署

¥Deploy

gcloud functions deploy fastifyFunction \
--runtime nodejs14 --trigger-http --region $GOOGLE_REGION --allow-unauthenticated

读取日志

¥Read logs

gcloud functions logs read

对 `/hello` 端点的请求示例

¥Example request to /hello endpoint

curl -X POST https://$GOOGLE_REGION-$GOOGLE_PROJECT.cloudfunctions.net/me \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{ "name": "Fastify" }'
{"message":"Hello Fastify!"}

参考

¥References

谷歌云函数 - Node.js 快速入门

¥Google Cloud Functions - Node.js Quickstart

Google Firebase 函数

¥Google Firebase Functions

如果你想使用 Fastify 作为 Firebase Functions 的 HTTP 框架，而不是 onRequest(async (req, res) => {} 提供的 vanilla JavaScript 路由，请遵循本指南。

¥Follow this guide if you want to use Fastify as the HTTP framework for Firebase Functions instead of the vanilla JavaScript router provided with onRequest(async (req, res) => {}.

onRequest() 处理程序

¥The onRequest() handler

我们使用 onRequest 函数封装我们的 Fastify 应用实例。

¥We use the onRequest function to wrap our Fastify application instance.

因此，我们将从将其导入代码开始：

¥As such, we'll begin with importing it to the code:

const { onRequest } = require("firebase-functions/v2/https")

创建 Fastify 实例

¥Creation of Fastify instance

创建 Fastify 实例并将返回的应用实例封装在一个函数中，该函数将注册路由、等待服务器处理插件、钩子和其他设置。如下所示：

¥Create the Fastify instance and encapsulate the returned application instance in a function that will register routes, await the server's processing of plugins, hooks, and other settings. As follows:

const fastify = require("fastify")({
  logger: true,
})

const fastifyApp = async (request, reply) => {
  await registerRoutes(fastify)
  await fastify.ready()
  fastify.server.emit("request", request, reply)
}

将自定义 `contentTypeParser` 添加到 Fastify 实例并定义端点

¥Add Custom contentTypeParser to Fastify instance and define endpoints

Firebase Function 的 HTTP 层已经解析了请求并提供 JSON 有效负载。它还提供对未解析的原始主体的访问，这对于计算请求签名以验证 HTTP webhook 很有用。

¥Firebase Function's HTTP layer already parses the request and makes a JSON payload available. It also provides access to the raw body, unparsed, which is useful for calculating request signatures to validate HTTP webhooks.

将以下内容添加到 registerRoutes() 函数：

¥Add as follows to the registerRoutes() function:

async function registerRoutes (fastify) {
  fastify.addContentTypeParser("application/json", {}, (req, payload, done) => {
    // useful to include the request's raw body on the `req` object that will
    // later be available in your other routes so you can calculate the HMAC
    // if needed
    req.rawBody = payload.rawBody

    // payload.body is already the parsed JSON so we just fire the done callback
    // with it
    done(null, payload.body)
  })

  // define your endpoints here...
  fastify.post("/some-route-here", async (request, reply) => {})

  fastify.get('/', async (request, reply) => {
    reply.send({message: 'Hello World!'})
  })
}

使用 Firebase onRequest 导出函数

¥Export the function using Firebase onRequest

最后一步是将 Fastify 应用实例导出到 Firebase 自己的 onRequest() 函数，以便它可以将请求和回复对象传递给它：

¥Final step is to export the Fastify app instance to Firebase's own onRequest() function so it can pass the request and reply objects to it:

exports.app = onRequest(fastifyApp)

本地测试

¥Local test

安装 Firebase 工具功能，以便你可以使用 CLI：

¥Install the Firebase tools functions so you can use the CLI:

npm i -g firebase-tools

然后你可以使用以下方式在本地运行你的函数：

¥Then you can run your function locally with:

firebase emulators:start --only functions

部署

¥Deploy

使用以下方式部署你的 Firebase 函数：

¥Deploy your Firebase Functions with:

firebase deploy --only functions

读取日志

¥Read logs

使用 Firebase 工具 CLI：

¥Use the Firebase tools CLI:

firebase functions:log

参考

¥References

谷歌云运行

¥Google Cloud Run

与 AWS Lambda 或 Google Cloud Functions 不同，Google Cloud Run 是一个无服务器容器环境。其主要目的是提供一个基础设施抽象环境来运行任意容器。因此，Fastify 可以部署到 Google Cloud Run，与通常编写 Fastify 应用的方式相比，几乎不需要任何代码更改。

¥Unlike AWS Lambda or Google Cloud Functions, Google Cloud Run is a serverless container environment. Its primary purpose is to provide an infrastructure-abstracted environment to run arbitrary containers. As a result, Fastify can be deployed to Google Cloud Run with little-to-no code changes from the way you would write your Fastify app normally.

如果你已经熟悉 gcloud，请按照以下步骤部署到 Google Cloud Run，或者只需遵循他们的 quickstart。

¥Follow the steps below to deploy to Google Cloud Run if you are already familiar with gcloud or just follow their quickstart.

调整 Fastify 服务器

¥Adjust Fastify server

为了让 Fastify 正确监听容器内的请求，请确保设置正确的端口和地址：

¥For Fastify to properly listen for requests within the container, be sure to set the correct port and address:

function build() {
  const fastify = Fastify({ trustProxy: true })
  return fastify
}

async function start() {
  // Google Cloud Run will set this environment variable for you, so
  // you can also use it to detect if you are running in Cloud Run
  const IS_GOOGLE_CLOUD_RUN = process.env.K_SERVICE !== undefined

  // You must listen on the port Cloud Run provides
  const port = process.env.PORT || 3000

  // You must listen on all IPV4 addresses in Cloud Run
  const host = IS_GOOGLE_CLOUD_RUN ? "0.0.0.0" : undefined

  try {
    const server = build()
    const address = await server.listen({ port, host })
    console.log(`Listening on ${address}`)
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err)
    process.exit(1)
  }
}

module.exports = build

if (require.main === module) {
  start()
}

添加 Dockerfile

¥Add a Dockerfile

你可以添加任何打包并运行 Node 应用的有效 Dockerfile。可以在官方 gcloud 文档中找到基本的 Dockerfile。

¥You can add any valid Dockerfile that packages and runs a Node app. A basic Dockerfile can be found in the official gcloud docs.

# Use the official Node.js 10 image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/node
FROM node:10

# Create and change to the app directory.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# Copy application dependency manifests to the container image.
# A wildcard is used to ensure both package.json AND package-lock.json are copied.
# Copying this separately prevents re-running npm install on every code change.
COPY package*.json ./

# Install production dependencies.
RUN npm i --production

# Copy local code to the container image.
COPY . .

# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD [ "npm", "start" ]

添加.dockerignore

¥Add a .dockerignore

为将构建工件保持在容器之外（这可使其保持较小并缩短构建时间），请添加如下所示的 .dockerignore 文件：

¥To keep build artifacts out of your container (which keeps it small and improves build times) add a .dockerignore file like the one below:

Dockerfile
README.md
node_modules
npm-debug.log

提交构建

¥Submit build

接下来，通过运行以下命令提交你的应用以构建到 Docker 映像中（将 PROJECT-ID 和 APP-NAME 替换为你的 GCP 项目 ID 和应用名称）：

¥Next, submit your app to be built into a Docker image by running the following command (replacing PROJECT-ID and APP-NAME with your GCP project id and an app name):

gcloud builds submit --tag gcr.io/PROJECT-ID/APP-NAME

部署镜像

¥Deploy Image

构建镜像后，你可以使用以下命令部署它：

¥After your image has built, you can deploy it with the following command:

gcloud beta run deploy --image gcr.io/PROJECT-ID/APP-NAME --platform managed

你可以通过 GCP 提供的网址访问你的应用。

¥Your app will be accessible from the URL GCP provides.

netlify-lambda

首先，请执行与 AWS Lambda 相关的所有准备步骤。

¥First, please perform all preparation steps related to AWS Lambda.

创建一个名为 functions 的文件夹，然后在 functions 文件夹中创建 server.js（你的端点路径将是 server.js）。

¥Create a folder called functions, then create server.js (and your endpoint path will be server.js) inside the functions folder.

functions/server.js

export { handler } from '../lambda.js'; // Change `lambda.js` path to your `lambda.js` path

netlify.toml

[build]
  # This will be run the site build
  command = "npm run build:functions"
  # This is the directory is publishing to netlify's CDN
  # and this is directory of your front of your app
  # publish = "build"
  # functions build directory
  functions = "functions-build" # always appends `-build` folder to your `functions` folder for builds

webpack.config.netlify.js

不要忘记添加这个 Webpack 配置，否则可能会出现问题

¥Do not forget to add this Webpack config, or else problems may occur

const nodeExternals = require('webpack-node-externals');
const dotenv = require('dotenv-safe');
const webpack = require('webpack');

const env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'production';
const dev = env === 'development';

if (dev) {
  dotenv.config({ allowEmptyValues: true });
}

module.exports = {
  mode: env,
  devtool: dev ? 'eval-source-map' : 'none',
  externals: [nodeExternals()],
  devServer: {
    proxy: {
      '/.netlify': {
        target: 'http://localhost:9000',
        pathRewrite: { '^/.netlify/functions': '' }
      }
    }
  },
  module: {
    rules: []
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      'process.env.APP_ROOT_PATH': JSON.stringify('/'),
      'process.env.NETLIFY_ENV': true,
      'process.env.CONTEXT': env
    })
  ]
};

脚本

¥Scripts

将此命令添加到你的 package.json 脚本

¥Add this command to your package.json scripts

"scripts": {
  ...
  "build:functions": "netlify-lambda build functions --config ./webpack.config.netlify.js"
  ...
}

然后它应该可以正常工作。

¥Then it should work fine.

Vercel

Vercel 完全支持部署 Fastify 应用。此外，使用 Vercel 的流畅计算，你可以将类似服务器的并发性与传统无服务器函数的自动扩展属性相结合。

¥Vercel fully supports deploying Fastify applications. Additionally, with Vercel's Fluid compute, you can combine server-like concurrency with the autoscaling properties of traditional serverless functions.

开始使用 Vercel 上的 Fastify Node.js 模板。

¥Get started with the Fastify Node.js template on Vercel.

流畅计算目前需要明确选择加入。了解更多关于启用 Fluid compute 此处的信息。

¥Fluid compute currently requires an explicit opt-in. Learn more about enabling Fluid compute here.

你应该在无服务器平台中使用 Fastify 吗？​

目录​

AWS​

使用 @fastify/aws-lambda​

app.js​

lambda.js​

示例​

注意事项​

超越 API 网关​

Genezio​

谷歌云函数​

创建 Fastify 实例​

将自定义 contentTypeParser 添加到 Fastify 实例​

定义你的端点（示例）​

实现并导出函数​

本地测试​

部署​

读取日志​

对 /hello 端点的请求示例​

参考​

Google Firebase 函数​

onRequest() 处理程序​

创建 Fastify 实例​

将自定义 contentTypeParser 添加到 Fastify 实例并定义端点​

使用 Firebase onRequest 导出函数​

本地测试​

部署​

读取日志​

参考​

谷歌云运行​

调整 Fastify 服务器​

添加 Dockerfile​

添加.dockerignore​

提交构建​

部署镜像​

netlify-lambda​

functions/server.js​

netlify.toml​

webpack.config.netlify.js​

脚本​

Vercel​

你应该在无服务器平台中使用 Fastify 吗？

目录

AWS

使用 @fastify/aws-lambda

app.js

lambda.js

示例

注意事项

超越 API 网关

Genezio

谷歌云函数

创建 Fastify 实例

将自定义 `contentTypeParser` 添加到 Fastify 实例

定义你的端点（示例）

实现并导出函数

本地测试

部署

读取日志

对 `/hello` 端点的请求示例

参考

Google Firebase 函数

onRequest() 处理程序

创建 Fastify 实例

将自定义 `contentTypeParser` 添加到 Fastify 实例并定义端点

使用 Firebase onRequest 导出函数

本地测试

部署

读取日志

参考

谷歌云运行

调整 Fastify 服务器

添加 Dockerfile

添加.dockerignore

提交构建

部署镜像

netlify-lambda

functions/server.js

netlify.toml

webpack.config.netlify.js

脚本

Vercel